The blaze broke out just before 6pm at Fincraigs Farm Cottage, west of Kilmany.
A Fife Fire and Rescue Service spokeswoman said: “The fire broke out in an end-of-terrace dwelling which was a two-storey cottage, and the fire was located in the ground floor.
“Two appliances from Cupar attended using two hosereel jets and other apparatus and a woman received treatment for smoke inhalation from fire service and ambulance personnel at the scene as a precautionary measure.
“Unfortunately, two dogs did not survive the fire.”
A Fife Police spokesman said: “We attended the scene as the road outside the cottage had to be closed to allow the fire service access and unfortunately two dogs died in the fire.
“No persons sustained any serious injuries, however, and investigations are ongoing into the incident.”