The bill for temporary nursing and midwifery staff in the NHS in Scotland reached £110 million last year.
The amount spent on agency workers in 2012-13 rose by £2.5 million to just under £6.4 million.
Spending on bank nurses and midwives, employed by the NHS to work as needed, rose 15.1% to just over £104.2 million.
The increase in cost was revealed in the latest NHS workforce figures, showing an increase in the number of health service employees.
At the end of March the NHS employed the equivalent of 133,205 full-time workers, up from 132,541 at the end of December last year.
But Labour, the Tories and the Liberal Democrats hit out at the rising cost of agency and bank nursing and midwifery staff.
Labour health spokeswoman Jackie Baillie said: “It’s baffling that the SNP have slashed the number of nursing staff in hospitals by more than 1,500 since 2009 yet more money is being spent to bring in agency and bank staff.”
Health Secretary Alex Neil said: “Bank nurses are a vital resource to cover short-term absences and provide essential flexibility to the service as well as ensuring high-quality, safe and effective care for our patients.”
